Antitumor and structure antioxidant activity relationship of Colchicine on Ehrlich ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in Female Mice

Colchicine has been reported to play important roles in hepatoprotection, anti-inflammation in vitro anti cancer activity. The present study was initiated to evaluate antioxidant and anti-cancer effects of colchicine (10µg/mice, i.p.) in mice after subcutaneous implantation of ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for 21 days. On the 22th day, the mice were sacrificed for the estimation of tumor growth, and biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxides (TBARS), protein thiols (Pr-SHs), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, 17β-estradiol and progesterone). The results of this study showed that administration of colchicine and 5-Flourouracil individually for 21 days to the carcinoma induced mice demonstrated a significant (P<0.01) decrease in tumor weight and a significant (P<0.01) improvement in biochemical parameters and life span  compared to the EAC control mice. In addition, the results clearly suggest that colchicine induced antioxidant activity on experimental EAC control mice

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Rutin Derivatives with Potential Antioxidant Properties

Rutin, a flavonol glycoside isolated from the fruit peels of Malus domestica family Rosaceae, is well known to possess antioxidant activity. This research was conducted in order to synthesize and characterize rutin derivatives and evaluate their antioxidant activities. Four derivatives were synthesized namely, Rutin-oxy-5, 7, 4' acetic acid (2), Rutin -oxy- 5,7, 4' methyl benzoate amide (3), 2'', 2''', 2''''-rutinoxymethyl-3-amino-1 -benzo[5,6-a] pyrimidine-4-one (4) and 5'', 5''', 5''''-tri-p-methoxybenzylideneamino-6-rutinoxy-benzo[5,6-a]-pyrimidin-4(5H)-one (5). Their structures were elucidated using different spectral data (Mass, IR and 1H, 13C NMR). The antioxidant activities of rutin and its derivatives were evaluated by reducing power, Fe+2 chelating, DPPH* and ferric thiocyanate FTC assays. In addition, the results were compared with natural and synthetic antioxidants, such as α- tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and trolox. Rutin and its derivatives were exhibited a strong reducing power, chelating activity on Fe2+ and free radical-scavenging.  Antioxidant activity of rutin and its derivatives increased with increased concentrations. Total antioxidant activity of rutin, its derivatives and both standards decreased in the order of rutin > compound (5) > trolox > compound (2) > BHA > compound (4) > compound (3). This study showed that Rutin and its derivatives exhibited antioxidant activity in all tests and could be considered as a source of natural and synthetic antioxidants.

Current Approaches in Arabic IR: A Survey

Arabic information retrieval is a popular area of research. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art in Arabic Information Retreival (IR) approaches. Moreover, it provides general guidance for open research areas and future directions

Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera Leaf extracts against Pathogenic bacteria Isolated from Urinary tract infected Patients

Antibiotic resistance has increased substantially in recent years and is posing an ever-increasing therapeutic problem. One of the methods to reduce the resistance to antibiotics is by using antibiotic resistance inhibitors from plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial properties of aqueous, petroleum ether and methanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera plant against pathogenic bacteria isolated from urinary tract infected patients and five standard strains of American type culture collection. The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts was determined in vitro, using Cup plate method, and compared with sensitivity testing of some antibiotic agents using disc diffusion method. The results obtained showed that all concentration of methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera had high inhibitory effects on S. aureus ATCC25923, K. pneumoniae ATCC35637 standard strains and the S. aureus, S. saprophyticus and E.coli isolated from UTI. The three concentration of water extract had inhibitory effects only on Proteus vulgaris NCTC8196 strain. The petroleum ether extracts showed no inhibitory activity on any organism. These results were compared with standard antibiotics Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin which showed moderate sensitivity against S. aureus and Amikacin was completely resistant to K. pneumoniae isolated from UTI. These results provide valuable information that Moringa oleifera hold great promise as highly effective antibacterial agents

Chemical Composition of the Essential oil of The Leaves of Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. & Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) cultivated in Egypt and Evaluation of Their in-vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities

The aim of the study is to identify and characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil of both leaves of Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. and Pimenta racemosa (Mill.)  as well as to evaluate their in-vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic potency. Both leaves essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS analysis. Different in-vitro antioxidant tests were employed, namely, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric thiocyanate (FTC), ferric reducing antioxidant power, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay. Also, the present work aims to evaluate the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition as well as glucose uptake by yeast cells of essential oils. Essential oil analysis of the leaves of Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) showed high amounts of eugenol (37.95%), β-Myrecene (21.01%), α-Pinene (17.82%), linalool (6.15%) and limonene (5.93%).  GC-MS data of leaves essential oil revealed the presence of  eugenol (30.17%), limonene (17.24),  α-Pinene (16.78%), linalool (9.71), 1,8 cineole (8.31%) and β-myrecene (5.21%) . Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. and Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) leaves essential oil having antioxidant effect using various methods. In most of the oil samples and assays the antioxidant activity was higher than the one revealed by the positive control BHT. Both plants essential oil showed potent inhibition of α-Amylase at concentration 2.00 mg as it was inhibited by (75 and 63 %); with IC50 (0.95 and 1.13); respectively as well as inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme by (61.42 and 53.00%) with IC50 (3.17 and 4.25); respectively. Also the percentage of glucose uptake by Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. and Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) leaves essential oil at 2.00 mg/ml in the presence of 25 mM glucose is (63.49% and 49.61%); respectively. Conclusion: the present study clearly identified the Egyptian chemotype of Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. and Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) leaves essential oil, it also displayed safe and promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Therefore the essential oil of both species can be utilized as a natural antioxidant and antidiabetic as well as health benefits

Acridone-based acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis, antioxidant activity and molecular modeling

Acridone is a unique naturally occurring alkaloid known to associate with several biological activities. 2,3-dimethoxy-10-methyl-10,8a-dihydroacridin-9(8aH)-one (4) and its precursor 2-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylamino)benzoic acid (3) were synthesized and investigated for potential antioxidant and inhibitory activity against acetylcholinestrase. The synthetic pathway involves reaction of 2-(methylamino) benzoic acid (1) with 4-chloro-1,2-dimethoxybenzene (2) in presence of CuO and K2CO3 to give the precursor 3. Subsequent, cyclcondensation of 3 with Conc. H2SO4 afforded the anticipated acridone 4. Furthermore, the dimethoxyacridone derivative 4 showed potent antiacetylcholinesterase (ACHE) activity at (100 uM) with IC50 = 9.25 uM that is as potent as the reference drug rivastigmine. Assessment of total antioxidant activity of compounds 3 & 4 in comparison to known standard compounds revealed the following order: α-tocopherol > Acridone 4 > trolox > butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) > butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) > compound 3. Molecular docking characteristics of 3 & 4 within the active site of AChE (PDB: 1ACJ) co-crystallized with 9-amino-tetrahydroacridine (Tacrine) have been studied. Interestingly, the results revealed comparable binding poses to the co-crystallized ligand and demonstrates good correlation of the binding energy (DG) with the observed IC50-values. This finding suggests that compounds 3 & 4 exhibit good antioxidant effect and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which might provide profitable candidates in management of Alzheimer’s disease

Adoption of an intelligent irrigation scheduling technique and its effect on water use efficiency for tomato crops in arid regions

Abstract The intelligent irrigation technique is a valuable tool for scheduling irrigation and quantifying water required by plants. This study was carried out during two successive seasons spanning 2010 and 2011. The main objectives were to investigate the effectiveness of the intelligent irrigation system (IIS) on water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and to assess its potential for monitoring the water status and irrigation schedule of a tomato crop cultivated under severely arid climate conditions. The intelligent irrigation system was implemented and tested under a drip irrigation system for the irrigation of tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, GS-12). The results obtained with this system were consequently compared with the control system (ICS), which utilized an automatic weather station. The results reveal that plant growth parameters and water conservation were significantly affected by IIS irrigation. The water use efficiency under IIS was generally higher (7.33 kg m -3 ) compared to that under ICS (5.33 kg m -3 ), resulting in maximal water use efficiency for both growing seasons (average 6.44 kg m -3 ). The application of IIS technology therefore provides significant advantages in terms of both crop yield and WUE. In addition, IIS conserves 26% of the total irrigation water compared to the control treatment, and simultaneously generates higher total yields. These results show that this technique could be a flexible, practical tool for improving scheduled irrigation. Hence, this technology can therefore be recommended for efficient automated irrigation systems because it produces higher yield and conserves large amounts of irrigation water. The intelligent irrigation technique may provide a valuable tool for scheduling irrigation in tomato farming and may be extendable for use in other similar agricultural crops

A reservoir bubble point pressure prediction model using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique with trend analysis

The bubble point pressure (Pb) could be obtained from pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) measurements; nonetheless, these measurements have drawbacks such as time, cost, and difficulties associated with conducting experiments at high-pressure-high-temperature conditions. Therefore, numerous attempts have been made using several approaches (such as regressions and machine learning) to accurately develop models for predicting the Pb. However, some previous models did not study the trend analysis to prove the correct relationships between inputs and outputs to show the proper physical behavior. Thus, this study aims to build a robust and more accurate model to predict the Pb using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and trend analysis approaches for the first time. More than 700 global datasets have been used to develop and validate the model to robustly and accurately predict the Pb. The proposed ANFIS model is compared with 21 existing models using statistical error analysis such as correlation coefficient (R), standard deviation (SD), average absolute percentage relative error (AAPRE), average percentage relative error (APRE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The ANFIS model shows the proper relationships between independent and dependent parameters that indicate the correct physical behavior. The ANFIS model outperformed all 21 models with the highest R of 0.994 and the lowest AAPRE, APRE, SD, and RMSE of 6.38%, -0.99%, 0.074 psi, and 9.73 psi, respectively, as the first rank model. The second rank model has the R, AAPRE, APRE, SD, and RMSE of 0.9724, 9%, -1.58%, 0.095 psi, and 13.04 psi, respectively. It is concluded that the proposed ANFIS model is validated to follow the correct physical behavior with higher accuracy than all studied models. 2022 Alakbari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Special thanks to the Centre of Research in Enhanced Oil Recovery (COREOR), Petroleum Engineering department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS for supporting this work.Scopu

Exploring the Level of Managerial, Political, Academic, Economic and Social Women Empowerment in Saudi Arabia

Women empowerment may be utilized for sustainable development by using hidden un-utilized potential of the country. The present research is estimated the perception-based level of managerial, academic, economic, political and social women empowerment from a well-structured questionnaire. The Cronbach Alpha test is corroborated the reliability of each item in the hypothesized women empowerment dimension. We corroborate the satisfactory level of women empowerment in all hypothesized dimensions as per perception of the respondents. The highest average score is found for social women empowerment. It means that social women empowerment played a greatest role among others to empower the Saudi women. The second rank is achieved by academic women empowerment and the third position is for economic empowerment. Thus, economic empowerment and academic empowerment are playing their significant role in empowering the Saudi women. The lowest average mean is found for political empowerment. Hence, political domain need attention to provide women rights in political participation and processes

Balancing exploration and exploitation phases in whale optimization algorithm: an insightful and empirical analysis

Agents of any metaheuristic algorithms are moving in two modes, namely exploration and exploitation. Obtaining robust results in any algorithm is strongly dependent on how to balance between these two modes. Whale optimization algorithm as a robust and well recognized metaheuristic algorithm in the literature, has proposed a novel scheme to achieve this balance. It has also shown superior results on a wide range of applications. Moreover, in the previous chapter, an equitable and fair performance evaluation of the algorithm was provided. However, to this point, only comparison of the final results is considered, which does not explain how these results are obtained. Therefore, this chapter attempts to empirically analyze the WOA algorithm in terms of the local and global search capabilities i.e. the ratio of exploration and exploitation phases. To achieve this objective, the dimension-wise diversity measurement is employed, which, at various stages of the optimization process, statistically evaluates the population's convergence and diversity.Comment: 11 page